4p59a.md (407B)
1 A given action is called bad, in so far as it arises from one being affected by 2 hatred or any evil emotion. But no action, considered in itself alone, is either 3 good or bad (as we pointed out in the preface to Pt. IV.), one and the same 4 action being sometimes good, sometimes bad; wherefore to the action which is 5 sometimes bad, or arises from some evil emotion, we may be led by reason (IV. 6 xix.). Q.E.D. 7 8